Soviet Economic Planning

The Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was the successor state of the Russian Empire, 1917-1992. While it was constitutionally a federation of national republics, it is widely perceived as having been largely dominated by the Great Russian nationality, and its dissolution in the early 1990's was marked by the secession of the constituent national republics. During its existence, the Soviet Union was governed by the Communist Party, the only party officially permitted.

In 1917, the newly-founded Soviet Union tried a system in which all goods and services, including consumer goods, and all resources were allocated by government order. This system, "War Communism," did not last very long. It was followed by the "New Economic Policy," essentially a state-guided market economy much like those of Fascist Italy and (later) NAZI Germany. Around 1930, the Union constructed a new economic system based on state planning and a very limited role for markets. This was more long-lasting, lasting essentially to the end of the Union itself; aspects of it persist in the successor republics today. The Soviet system during the years 1930-1990 was much less comprehensive in its direction of the economy than War Communism was regarded as a considerable success for a few decades.

In its early days, the Yugoslav Communist regime used a "double-address" system for very detailed government control of the allocation of resources in the economy. It didn't last long either.

Pure ideals are not realized in the actual world: real systems are mixtures. This has been true of "planned" economies as of others.